The Present Perfect Tense

[alimallah]

. USE

1. The Present Perfect tense is used to express actions which have just or already been completed at the time of speaking or writing.
Present Perfect, geçmişte konuşma anına yakın bir zamanda bitmiş ve etkisi hala devam eden eylem veya olaylardan bahsedirken kullanılır.

I have done my homework already.
She has answered half the questions.

In the first example, the use of the Present Perfect tense emphasizes the fact that, at the time of speaking or writing, the work has already been completed. In the second example, the use of the Present Perfect indicates that, at the time of speaking or writing, half the questions have been answered.
Birinci örnekte, "ödevin çoktan tamamlandığı" vurgulanmakta; ikinci örnekte ise konuşma anında "kişinin soruların yarısını cevapladığı" ve "kalan soruları da cevaplayacağı" ima ediliyor. Geçmişte başlayan bir olayın veya etkilerinin hala devam etmesi halinde Present Perfect kullanılır.

2. The Present Perfect tense epresses the very recent past.
Yakın geçmişten bahsederken Present Perfect kullanılır.

They`ve just left.
I`ve just come!

3. It also tells of a state or situation which has started in the past and is continuing up to now.
Geçmişte başlamış ve hala devam etmekte olan olayları ifade etmek için Present Perfect kullanılır. Bu anlamı ifade eden cümlelerde "for, since, so far, until now, lately, recently, already, just, yet" gibi zaman zarfları kullanılabilir.

I have lived in New York for seven years. (I am still living there.)
I have studied English Language Teaching since 2002. (I am still studying ELT.)

B. STRUCTURE

Positive Structure:

I have
You have
He has
She has worked.
It has
We have
They have
Note: In Present Perfect tense, if the main verb is irregular, its 3rd form should be used.
(Present perfect tense`in olumlu, olumsuz ve soru cümlelerinde, düzensiz fiillerin 3. hali kullanılır.)

Negative Structure:

I haven`t
You haven`t
He hasn`t
She hasn`t worked.
It hasn`t
We haven`t
They haven`t
Question structure:

Have I
Have You
Has He
Has She worked?
Has It
Have We
Have They